Pretreatment with Resveratrol Prevents Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Deficits Induced by Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats

Despite advances in neonatal care, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is still a serious clinical problem, which is responsible for many cases of perinatal mortality, cerebral palsy, motor impairment and cognitive deficits. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with important anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is present in grapevines, peanuts and pomegranates. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of resveratrol when administered before or immediately after a hypoxic-ischemic brain event in neonatal rats by analyzing brain damage, the mitochondrial status and long-term cognitive impairment. Our results indicate that pretreatment with resveratrol protects against brain damage, reducing infarct volume, preserving myelination and minimizing the astroglial reactive response. Moreover its neuroprotective effect was found to be long lasting, as behavioral outcomes were significantly improved at adulthood. We speculate that one of the mechanisms for this neuroprotection may be related to the maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane integrity and potential, and to the reduction of reactive oxygen species. Curiously, none of these protective features was observed when resveratrol was administered immediately after hypoxia-ischemia.

Structural Integrity of the Contralesional Hemisphere Predicts Cognitive Impairment in Ischemic Stroke at Three Months

After stroke, white matter integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption in mirror's regions of the contralateral hemisphere is associated with degree of functional impairment. Fourteen patients suffering right hemispheric focal stroke (S) and eighteen healthy controls (HC) underwent Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and neuropsychological assessment. The stroke patient group was divided into poor (SP; n = 8) and good (SG; n = 6) cognitive recovery groups according to their cognitive improvement from the acute phase (72 hours after stroke) to the subacute phase (3 months post-stroke). Whole-brain DWI data analysis was performed by computing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) followed by Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Assessment of effects was obtained computing the correlation of the projections on TBSS skeleton of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) with cognitive test results. Significant decrease of FA was found only in right brain anatomical areas for the S group when compared to the HC group. Analyzed separately, stroke patients with poor cognitive recovery showed additional significant FA decrease in several left hemisphere regions; whereas SG patients showed significant decrease only in the left genu of corpus callosum when compared to the HC. For the SG group, whole brain analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the Semantic Fluency test and the FA in the right hemisphere as well as between the performance in the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and theTrail Making Test-part A and the FA in the left hemisphere. For the SP group, correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the GPT and the FA in the right hemisphere. Palabras clave

Structural Integrity of the Contralesional Hemisphere Predicts Cognitive Impairment in Ischemic Stroke at Three Months

After stroke, white matter integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption in mirror's regions of the contralateral hemisphere is associated with degree of functional impairment. Fourteen patients suffering right hemispheric focal stroke (S) and eighteen healthy controls (HC) underwent Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and neuropsychological assessment. The stroke patient group was divided into poor (SP; n = 8) and good (SG; n = 6) cognitive recovery groups according to their cognitive improvement from the acute phase (72 hours after stroke) to the subacute phase (3 months post-stroke). Whole-brain DWI data analysis was performed by computing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) followed by Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Assessment of effects was obtained computing the correlation of the projections on TBSS skeleton of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) with cognitive test results. Significant decrease of FA was found only in right brain anatomical areas for the S group when compared to the HC group. Analyzed separately, stroke patients with poor cognitive recovery showed additional significant FA decrease in several left hemisphere regions; whereas SG patients showed significant decrease only in the left genu of corpus callosum when compared to the HC. For the SG group, whole brain analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the Semantic Fluency test and the FA in the right hemisphere as well as between the performance in the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and theTrail Making Test-part A and the FA in the left hemisphere. For the SP group, correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the GPT and the FA in the right hemisphere.

Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin: A Novel Therapy against Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia

17 p.

Cerebral hemodynamics during graded Valsalva maneuvers

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) produces large and abrupt changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) that challenge cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. We examined the effect of VM intensity on middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cortical oxygenation responses during (phases I-III) and following (phase IV) a VM. Healthy participants (n = 20 mean +/- SD: 27 +/- 7 years) completed 30 and 90% of their maximal VM mouth pressure for 10 s (order randomized) whilst standing. Beat-to-beat MCAv, cerebral oxygenation (NIRS) and MAP across the different phases of the VM are reported as the difference from standing baseline. There were significant interaction (phase * intensity) effects for MCAv, total oxygenation index (TOI) and MAP (all P < 0.01). MCAv decreased during phases II and III (P < 0.01), with the greatest decrease during phase III (-5 +/- 8 and -19 +/- 15 cm.s(-1) for 30 and 90% VM, respectively). This pattern was also evident in TOI (phase III: -1 +/- 1 and -5 +/- 4%, both P < 0.05). Phase IV increased MCAv (22 +/- 15 and 34 +/- 23 cm.s(-1)), MAP (15 +/- 14 and 24 +/- 17 mm Hg) and TOI (5 +/- 6 and 7 +/- 5%) relative to baseline (all P < 0.05). Cerebral autoregulation, indexed, as the % MCAv/%MAP ratio, showed a phase effect only (P < 0.001), with the least regulation during phase IV (2.4 +/- 3.0 and 3.2 +/- 2.9). These data illustrate that an intense VM profoundly affects cerebral hemodynamics, with a reactive hyperemia occurring during phase IV following modest ischemia during phases II and III.

A Model of Ischemia-Induced Neuroblast Activation in the Adult Subventricular Zone

12 p.

Estudio de caso: intervención en el área de educación física para avanzar en la inclusión de un alumno con parálisis cerebral

En este trabajo se propone mediante dos sesiones de Educación Física, la inclusión educativa de un alumno con parálisis cerebral mediante actividades y juegos. Previa a esta programación, se destaca la relevancia que tiene la inclusión a nivel social y el eco que está logrando en la comunidad educativa. Centrándonos en su análisis conceptual y haciendo referencia al alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales, se numeran la infinidad de beneficios existentes para todo el grupo. Analizados sus beneficios y teniendo en cuenta las adaptaciones necesarias, se presentan las actividades mencionadas con anterioridad y se resaltan las conclusiones extraídas.

Alteración de lípidos en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Estudio en tejido cerebral humano postmortem mediante MALDI-IMS.

En el presente estudio, se analizó la distribución lipídica de 3 áreas de hipocampo (CA1, subiculum y giro dentado) en muestras cerebrales de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer y se comparó con muestras de sujetos sin patología neurológica. Las muestras de tejido de cerebro humano postmortem de la región de hipocampo, fueron procesadas mediante la técnica MALDI-IMS.

Apaf-1 Inhibitors Protect from Unwanted Cell Death in In Vivo Models of Kidney Ischemia and Chemotherapy Induced Ototoxicity

Background: Excessive apoptosis induces unwanted cell death and promotes pathological conditions. Drug discovery efforts aimed at decreasing apoptotic damage initially targeted the inhibition of effector caspases. Although such inhibitors were effective, safety problems led to slow pharmacological development. Therefore, apoptosis inhibition is still considered an unmet medical need. Methodology and Principal Findings: The interaction between Apaf-1 and the inhibitors was confirmed by NMR. Target specificity was evaluated in cellular models by siRNa based approaches. Cell recovery was confirmed by MTT, clonogenicity and flow cytometry assays. The efficiency of the compounds as antiapoptotic agents was tested in cellular and in vivo models of protection upon cisplatin induced ototoxicity in a zebrafish model and from hypoxia and reperfusion kidney damage in a rat model of hot ischemia. Conclusions: Apaf-1 inhibitors decreased Cytc release and apoptosome-mediated activation of procaspase-9 preventing cell and tissue damage in ex vivo experiments and in vivo animal models of apoptotic damage. Our results provide evidence that Apaf-1 pharmacological inhibition has therapeutic potential for the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases.

Perinatal hipoxic ischemic injury in the auditory pathway and the effect of several neuroprotective agents

192 p.

Desarrollo de un prototipo de exoesqueleto básico activado con una señal cerebral.

[ES]En este documento se estudia el desarrollo de una aplicación electrónica para la ayuda a gente con movilidad reducida a través de unos sensores cerebrales que permitan el análisis de la iniciativa de la persona a realizar acciones que de otra manera no podría realizar. El concepto completo consiste en el diseño del sensor que el paciente se colocaría en la cabeza, el tratamiento de la información extraída y la actuación por medio de una solución mecánica, como un conjunto cilindro-pistón para el futuro desarrollo de un sistema de ayuda a la movilidad.

La Educación Física como medio de inclusión para el alumnado con parálisis cerebral.

[ES] El presente trabajo ha estudiado la eficacia de la asignatura de Educación Física dentro del Sistema Educativo Español como método de inclusión para el alumnado con Parálisis Cerebral. Hemos realizado la Fundamentación Teórica sobre la Educación Física y la Parálisis Cerebral y hemos explicado la metodología utilizada hasta ahora en las clases (LOCE 2002 y LOMCE 2014) con el objetivo de lograr la integración de estas personas en las clases de E. Física y en la sociedad. Además, hemos llevado a cabo un caso práctico en el que se asistió a una clase de Educación Física con un paralítico cerebral en el Instituto Valle del Ebro (Tudela, Navarra), con el fin de analizar, tanto la clase impartida por el profesor, como la situación que vivía el alumno dentro de la misma. Los resultados de algunas investigaciones avalan que aún queda mucho camino por recorrer en esta área de intervención, Orta Tierra, J.; Badia Corbella, M.; Mayán, Núñez Mª Teresa entre otros. Por último, hemos propuesto el modelo de intervención metodológica por proyectos (procesos) en la EF de la próxima década, con vistas a su posible utilización con alumnos que presenten este trastorno.

Programa de intervención de actividades acuáticas con personas con parálisis cerebral en aspace de Vitoria -Gasteiz : caso real

[ES] El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es la elaboración de un programa de intervención de actividades acuáticas dirigido a personas con parálisis cerebral en ASPACE de Vitoria-Gasteiz (Álava). Se han diseñado, aplicado y evaluado las actividades en función de los objetivos pretendidos en el programa. Consideramos que su puesta en práctica servirá para favorecer la convivencia entre nuestros participantes del programa. Este programa pretende ser un modelo de acción que puede ser aplicado tanto en el ámbito del ocio y del tiempo libre como en el ámbito educativo, considerados estos estos como elementos favorecedores de su desarrollo

Personas con parálisis cerebral y participación social: un ámbito de intervención en Educación Social.

[es] El ejercicio de una ciudadanía plena y autónoma con deberes y derechos, es un factor fundamental para asegurar la inclusión de las personas. En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado, se analiza y pone en evidencia la situación de desigualdad que tienen las personas con parálisis cerebral para constituirse como una ciudadanía de pleno derecho. Con este objeto, se ha realizado un diagnóstico de dicha situación en el Territorio Histórico de Bizkaia, recogiendo datos de diversas fuentes tanto bibliográficas como sobre el terreno. De acuerdo a las conclusiones obtenidas, se presenta un diseño metodológico de intervención para empoderar a las personas con parálisis cerebral como una ciudadanía autónoma, con derechos y deberes sociales.